HTML Text:

• Structural Markup can be used to describe paraghraphs and headings, while Semantic Markup provide extra information, such as where emphasis is placed in a sentence.

• In HTML, there are 6 levels of headings (h1, h2, h3, ..h6)
• Important tags:
  • p (paraghraph)
  • i (italic)
  • b (bold)
  • sup (contain elements to be superscripted)
  • sub (contain elements to be subscripted)
  • br (line break)
  • hr (horizontal break)
• Semantic Markup (Examples):
  • em
  • strong
  • q
  • blockqoute

CSS - An Introduction

• CSS control the styling of web page elements.
• Think of CSS as the box that surrounds an HTML element.
• CSS allows rules creation which control the way these boxes are presented.
• CSS works by associating rules with HTML elements.
• A CSS Rule consists of two parts; the Selector”determines the HTML element” and the Declaration “determines the style of this element”
• CSS declarations consist of a property and value.
  • e.g. h3 {font-family: Arial; color: yellow;}
• CSS could be used internally(within HTML File) or externally (in a separate CSS File).
• Use the style element, that lies within the head element, when CSS is used internally.
• Use the link element, that lies within the head element, when CSS is used externally.
• The link element should use three attributes:
  • href: specifies the path to the CSS file (often placed ina folder called css or styles).
  • type: specifies the document type being linked to. The value should be text/css.
  • rel:specifies the relationshipbetween the HTML page and the file it is linked to. The value should be stylesheet when linking to a CSS file.
• When building a website an external CSS style sheet should be used.
• CSS Selectors are case sensitive.
• There are 8 types of Selectors:
  • Universal * {}
  • Type h1, h2, h3 {}
  • Class .note {} p.note {}
  • ID #introduction {}
  • Child li>a {}
  • Descendant p a {}
  • Adjacent Sibling h1+p {}
  • General Sibling h1~p {}
• If there are two or more rules that apply to the same element, it is important to understand which will take precedence.
  • LAST RULE: If the two selectors are identical, the latter of the two will take precedence.
  • SPECIFICITY: If one selector is more specific than the others, the more specific rule will take precedence over more general ones.

JAVASCRIPT - Basic Instructions:

• Script: a written guide for a computer to follow which consists of multiple statements.
• Single-line comments can be written using //
• Multi-line comments can be written using /* */
• Variable: a container that is used to store data for some time.
• Variables in JS are declared as follows: var variable-name;
• Data Types:
  • Boolean
  • Numbers
  • String
• Arrays are variables that is used to store related pieces of information.

Expressions

• Two types of expressions:
  • Expressions that assign a value to a variable.
  • Expressions that use two or more values to return a single value

Operators * / &:

• Allows you to create a single value from 2 or more values
• Operators types:
  • Arithmatic
  • Comparison “Logical”
  • String

JAVASCRIPT - Decisions & Loops:

• A JavaScript code makes decisions with the help of conditional statement.
• If statements exceutes of code block by checking (evaluating) a condition.

We have 8 Comparison Opertators (reaturn single boolean value):

• == : equal to by value
• ===: strictly equal to by value and type
• !== : not equal to by value
• !===: not strictly equal to by value and type
• ’>’:greater than
• ’>=’:greater than or equal
• ’<’:less than
• ’<=’:less than or equal

Logical Opertators (allow the comparison of more than one comparison operators):

• && : AND

• **

  ** : OR

• ! : NOT